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Titanium Properties

Titanium Model Library

A set of Property Models designed to help experts working with titanium quickly and easily set up calculations using the Property Model Calculator.

About the Titanium Model Library

The Titanium Model Library is a package of property models used to set up calculations in the Property Model Calculator. The library includes two models intended for those working in the titanium industry: Alloy Strength – Ti and Martensite Temperatures – Ti.

The Titanium Model Library is available for free to all users who have licenses for the titanium databases TCTI (version 6 or newer) and valid Maintenance & Support Subscription (M&SS).

Alloy Strength Model for Titanium

The Alloy Strength Property Model calculates the hardness and/or strength of Ti-base alloys. The model can be configured to include contributions from: intrinsic hardness, solid solution hardening, grain boundary hardening, precipitation hardening, and by specifying a user-defined hardness addition. Specifically, the solid solution contribution has been modeled considering all Ti binary interactions relevant to TCTI6.

The plot shows the hardness of titanium as a function of oxygen content in mole percent. It is taken from example PM_Ti_02 in Thermo-Calc.

A plot showing the hardness of titanium as a function of oxygen content in mole percent. It is taken from example PM_Ti_02 in Thermo-Calc.

Martensite Temperatures Model for Titanium

The Martensite Temperatures Property Model calculates the Ms and T-Zero temperatures for Ti-base alloys. The Ms Temperature is calculated as a correction to the T-Zero Temperature, where the correction is modeled using Redlich-Kister polynomials for composition dependence. Relying on the T-Zero Temperature as the base, which is already close to the Ms Temperature for many alloys, means that the model will perform well for the composition space covered by the thermodynamic database, in this case TCTI6.

The program offers three choices for the martensite phase, depending on your application. HCP (alpha) is the common choice for alloys such as Ti-6Al-4V and other structural alloys. The various forms of alpha martensite (alpha, alpha’, alpha”) are not explicitly distinguished and are therefore collectively described by HCP_A3 in terms of thermodynamic properties. B19_PRIME and B19_ORTHO are intended for TiNi-based shape-memory alloys. In particular, B19_ORTHO is useful for TiNiCu-based shape-memory alloys.

The plot shows the Ms temperature and T-Zero temperature for alpha martensite as a function of the mole fraction of Zr with experimental data from [1952Du, 1965McM, and 1970Hua].

A plot from Thermo-Calc showing the Ms temperature and T-Zero temperature for alpha martensite as a function of the mole fraction of Zr and compared to experimental data from [1952Du, 1965McM, and 1970Hua].

Titanium Model Library Examples

The Titanium Model Library includes two examples to help users get started. The examples are available from within the software from the Help menu > Example Files > Property models > Titanium.

  • PM_Ti_01_Martensite_Temperatures_Ti-Zr
  • PM_Ti_02_Alloy_Strength_Ti-O

Titanium Models References

Alloy Strength Model for Titanium

  1. K. Okazaki, H. Conrad, Effects of interstitial content and grain size on the strength of titanium at low temperatures. Acta Metall. 21, 1117–1129 (1973).
  2. W. L. Finlay, J. A. Snyder, Effects of three interstitial solutes (nitrogen, oxygen, and carbon) on the mechanical properties of high-purity, alpha titanium. JOM. 2, 277–286 (1950).

Martensite Temperatures Model for Titanium

  1. P. Duwez, Allotropic transformation in titanium-zirconium alloys. J. Inst. Met. 80, 525–527 (1952).
  2. A. G. McMullen, J. Gordon Parr, The Transformation in Zirconium-Niobium Alloys with an Appendix on Thermocouple Alloying with Zirconium. Can. Metall. Q. 4, 117–128 (1965).
  3. Y.C. Huang, S. Suzuki, H. Kaneko, T. Sato, Thermodynamics of the Ms points in titanium alloys, in: R.I. Jaffee, N.E. Promisel (Eds.) The Science, Technology and Application of Titanium, Pergamon Press, 1970, pp. 691-693.

Availability

The Titanium Model Library is available for free to all users who have, or upgrade to, the titanium database TCTI version 6 or newer and have a valid Maintenance and Support Subscription. If you do not already have a Thermo-Calc license or you are interested in expanding your license, please contact us to discuss which license is right for you.

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